
\begin{table}
\caption{Robustness Check: Alternative Regression Models for Attacks against Civilians in Civil Wars}
\begin{center}
\scalebox{0.7}{
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c}
\toprule
 & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Fixed-effect models} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Mixed-effect models} \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-5} \cmidrule(lr){6-9}
 & Model 1 & Model 2 & Model 3 & Model 4 & Model 5 & Model 6 & Model 7 & Model 8 \\
\midrule
Pro-Rebel Resolution           & $-0.063^{***}$ & $-0.060^{***}$ & $-0.062^{***}$ & $-0.060^{***}$ & $-0.062^{***}$ & $-0.059^{***}$ & $-0.060^{***}$ & $-0.055^{***}$ \\
                               & $(0.021)$      & $(0.022)$      & $(0.021)$      & $(0.021)$      & $(0.021)$      & $(0.021)$      & $(0.021)$      & $(0.021)$      \\
Pro-Government Resolution      & $-0.001$       & $-0.002$       & $-0.003$       & $-0.002$       & $-0.001$       & $-0.003$       & $-0.003$       & $-0.001$       \\
                               & $(0.047)$      & $(0.047)$      & $(0.047)$      & $(0.047)$      & $(0.047)$      & $(0.047)$      & $(0.047)$      & $(0.047)$      \\
Previous Pro Reb Res,Count     & $0.000$        & $0.000$        & $0.000$        & $0.000$        & $0.001^{*}$    & $0.001^{**}$   & $0.001^{*}$    & $0.001^{***}$  \\
                               & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      \\
Previous Pro Gov Res,Count     & $0.031^{***}$  & $0.024^{***}$  & $0.026^{***}$  & $0.023^{***}$  & $0.033^{***}$  & $0.026^{***}$  & $0.028^{***}$  & $0.027^{***}$  \\
                               & $(0.003)$      & $(0.004)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.004)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      \\
Any Pro-Rebel Support          & $0.030^{*}$    &                &                &                & $0.030^{**}$   &                &                &                \\
                               & $(0.015)$      &                &                &                & $(0.015)$      &                &                &                \\
Any Pro-Government Support     & $-0.060^{***}$ &                &                &                & $-0.067^{***}$ &                &                &                \\
                               & $(0.015)$      &                &                &                & $(0.015)$      &                &                &                \\
Pro Reb Intervention, Troops   &                & $-0.100^{**}$  &                &                &                & $-0.125^{***}$ &                &                \\
                               &                & $(0.043)$      &                &                &                & $(0.042)$      &                &                \\
Pro Gov Intervention, Troops   &                & $0.035$        &                &                &                & $0.035$        &                &                \\
                               &                & $(0.022)$      &                &                &                & $(0.021)$      &                &                \\
Pro Reb Intervention, Weapons  &                &                & $0.057^{***}$  &                &                &                & $0.063^{***}$  &                \\
                               &                &                & $(0.017)$      &                &                &                & $(0.016)$      &                \\
Pro Gov Intervention, Weapons  &                &                & $-0.000$       &                &                &                & $-0.017$       &                \\
                               &                &                & $(0.017)$      &                &                &                & $(0.016)$      &                \\
Pro Reb Intervention, Economic &                &                &                & $-0.045^{***}$ &                &                &                & $-0.061^{***}$ \\
                               &                &                &                & $(0.017)$      &                &                &                & $(0.016)$      \\
Pro Gov Intervention, Economic &                &                &                & $0.062^{***}$  &                &                &                & $0.063^{***}$  \\
                               &                &                &                & $(0.022)$      &                &                &                & $(0.021)$      \\
Physical Integrity Rights      & $-0.015^{***}$ & $-0.015^{***}$ & $-0.016^{***}$ & $-0.016^{***}$ & $-0.016^{***}$ & $-0.015^{***}$ & $-0.017^{***}$ & $-0.019^{***}$ \\
                               & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      \\
Logged GDP per capita          & $0.044$        & $0.042$        & $0.030$        & $0.034$        & $0.044^{***}$  & $0.047^{***}$  & $0.044^{***}$  & $0.045^{***}$  \\
                               & $(0.030)$      & $(0.031)$      & $(0.030)$      & $(0.031)$      & $(0.015)$      & $(0.016)$      & $(0.016)$      & $(0.015)$      \\
Logged Population              & $0.316^{***}$  & $0.309^{***}$  & $0.298^{***}$  & $0.302^{***}$  & $0.095^{***}$  & $0.096^{***}$  & $0.096^{***}$  & $0.093^{***}$  \\
                               & $(0.074)$      & $(0.075)$      & $(0.077)$      & $(0.074)$      & $(0.018)$      & $(0.018)$      & $(0.018)$      & $(0.017)$      \\
Rebel Strength                 & $0.040^{***}$  & $0.038^{***}$  & $0.038^{***}$  & $0.033^{***}$  & $0.038^{***}$  & $0.036^{***}$  & $0.038^{***}$  & $0.021^{*}$    \\
                               & $(0.013)$      & $(0.013)$      & $(0.013)$      & $(0.013)$      & $(0.012)$      & $(0.012)$      & $(0.013)$      & $(0.012)$      \\
Cold War                       & $0.097$        & $0.090$        & $0.075$        & $0.081$        & $-0.010$       & $-0.012$       & $-0.017$       &                \\
                               & $(0.060)$      & $(0.060)$      & $(0.060)$      & $(0.060)$      & $(0.042)$      & $(0.042)$      & $(0.042)$      &                \\
Count of Rebel Groups          & $0.029^{***}$  & $0.030^{***}$  & $0.032^{***}$  & $0.030^{***}$  & $0.027^{***}$  & $0.028^{***}$  & $0.031^{***}$  &                \\
                               & $(0.007)$      & $(0.007)$      & $(0.007)$      & $(0.007)$      & $(0.007)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      &                \\
Conflict Duration              & $-0.000$       & $-0.000$       & $-0.000$       & $0.000$        & $-0.000$       & $-0.000$       & $-0.000$       &                \\
                               & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      & $(0.000)$      &                \\
Intercept                      & $-5.096^{***}$ & $-5.004^{***}$ & $-4.716^{***}$ & $-4.796^{***}$ & $-1.467^{***}$ & $-1.514^{***}$ & $-1.505^{***}$ & $-1.434^{***}$ \\
                               & $(1.336)$      & $(1.346)$      & $(1.378)$      & $(1.346)$      & $(0.299)$      & $(0.302)$      & $(0.306)$      & $(0.292)$      \\
\midrule
Country Fixed/Mixed Effects    & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            \\
Year Fixed/Mixed Effects       & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            \\
R$^2$                          & $0.310$        & $0.309$        & $0.309$        & $0.309$        & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             \\
Adj. R$^2$                     & $0.303$        & $0.303$        & $0.303$        & $0.303$        & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             \\
Num. obs.                      & $10222$        & $10222$        & $10222$        & $10222$        & $10222$        & $10222$        & $10222$        & $10222$        \\
AIC                            & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             & $7526.508$     & $7534.199$     & $7530.634$     & $7511.587$     \\
BIC                            & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             & $7649.457$     & $7657.148$     & $7653.583$     & $7612.839$     \\
Log Likelihood                 & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             & $-3746.254$    & $-3750.099$    & $-3748.317$    & $-3741.794$    \\
Num. groups: country           & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             & $56$           & $56$           & $56$           & $56$           \\
Num. groups: year              & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             & $29$           & $29$           & $29$           & $29$           \\
Var: country (Intercept)       & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             & $0.025$        & $0.025$        & $0.026$        & $0.024$        \\
Var: year (Intercept)          & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             & $0.011$        & $0.011$        & $0.011$        & $0.011$        \\
Var: Residual                  & $$             & $$             & $$             & $$             & $0.118$        & $0.118$        & $0.118$        & $0.118$        \\
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{9}{l}{\scriptsize{$^{***}p<0.01$; $^{**}p<0.05$; $^{*}p<0.1$}}
\end{tabular}
}
\label{tab:model}
\end{center}
\end{table}
